Oracle E-Business Suite(EBS)

 
Oracle E-Business Suite (EBS), also commonly known as Oracle Applications, is a suite of business applications made up of a large number of distinct software modules. Some of the modules are: Oracle Financials, Oracle CRM, Oracle Supply Chain Application,Oracle Logistics , Oracle Order Management and Human Resources (HRMS).

It is designed to support multiple business functions such that any organization can implemented and customize it to their business needs. The best part of it is that it can fits to any type of organization,whether small scale or large scale.

Example why E-Business Suite needed in Business?
If we are not going to use it means for different departments we have to use different applications and that too not integrated with each others. the software each departments each uses is unique and caters to the requirements of that particular department only. For example,the financial department uses some accounting software which cann't use by the sales department. Same the HR dept. uses a software which will not going to use by any other department .If some Higher departments want some report from the Financial and the Hr departments ,then he has to coordinate with the respective departments .In this kind of system, the movement of the information is not a lighting speed and it is very difficult to coordinate. inter-department communication gets lot of times.

But in contrast to the E-Business provide a single DATABASE,which helps to various departments to share information easily and effectively.

Reasons For moving to EBS

1. Faster accessibility of data-  This allows the top management that they can retrieve all the information with a less time.
2. No more redundancy data and provides the data integrity to the database- It enters all the data into the centralized system.For example ,the employee details are shared between the financial and HR departments.
3. Faster Tracking:-  It allows tracking of all the information among departments.
4.  Low system maintenance cost-  ya EBS is very expensive but once it get implemented  then the cost of maintenance is very less as compared to the benefits.
5.Integration of Processes:- It provides an integration of the supply chain, production and administrative process.
6. Zero downtime: EBS runs 24*7 ,so it is available all the time.It also supports customers with worldwide operations.

Everything is here. Collection of Applications








   

It gives the company a 360-Degree view of finances ,customers and supply chains and automates all its work aspects.

UNIX BASICS

What is Unix?

Unix is a operating system. It is a set of programs that acts a interface between computer and the user.
            
                             Computer--------> Unix OS<----------------- User

The computer programs that allocate the system resources and coordinate all the details of the computer's internals is called the operating system or kernel.

Users communicate with the kernel through a program known as the shell. The shell is a command line interpreter; it translates commands entered by the user and converts them into a language that is understood by the kernel.

History of  Unix
1.Unix was originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna.

2. Several people can use a UNIX computer at the same time; hence UNIX is called a Multiuser system.
3   A user can also run multiple programs at the same time; hence UNIX is called multitasking.

Unix support multiuser  and multitasking environment.

Unix Architecture:

The main concept that unites all versions of UNIX is the following four basics:

• Kernel: The kernel is the heart of the operating system. It interacts with hardware and most of the tasks like memory management, tash scheduling and file management.
• Shell: User Communicate via kernel by writing the program known as the Shell.The shell is the utility that processes your requests. When you type in a command at your terminal, the shell interprets the command and calls the program that you want. The shell uses standard syntax for all commands. C Shell, Bourne Shell and Korn Shell are most famous shells which are available with most of the Unix variants.
• Commands and Utilities: There are various command and utilities which you would use in your day to day activities. cp, mv, cat and grep etc. are few examples of commands and utilities. There are over 250 standard commands plus numerous others provided through 3rd party software. All the commands come along with various optional options.
• Files and Directories: All data in UNIX is organized into files. All files are organized into directories. These directories are organized into a tree-like structure called the filesystem.

Login Unix:

When you first connect to a UNIX system, you usually see a prompt such as the following:

login:

To login:
  Need the username and password. These are case sensitive so be careful while enter it.
 Read the information and messages that come up on the screen something as below.

login : amrood amrood's password: Last login: Sun Jun 14 09:32:32 2009 from 62.61.164.73 [amrood]$

You would be provided with a command prompt ( sometime called $ prompt ) where you would type your all the commands. For example to check calendar you need to type cal command as follows:

[amrood]$ cal
     June 2009
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
    1  2  3  4  5  6
 7  8  9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30

[amrood]$

Change Password:

All Unix systems require passwords to help ensure that your files and data remain your own and that the system itself is secure from hackers and crackers. Here are the steps to change your password:

1. To start, type passwd at command prompt as shown below.
2. Enter your old password the one you're currently using.
3. Type in your new password. Always keep your password complex enough so that no body can guess it. But make sure, you remember it.
4. You would need to verify the password by typing it again.

[amrood]$ passwd Changing password for amrood (current) Unix password:****** New UNIX password:******* Retype new UNIX password:******* passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully [amrood]$

Note: I have put stars (*) just to show you the location where you would need to enter the current and new passwords otherwise at your system, it would not show you any character when you would type.

 Listing Directories and Files:

All data in UNIX is organized into files. All files are organized into directories. These directories are organized into a tree-like structure called the filesystem.
You can use ls command to list out all the files or directories available in a directory. Following is the example of using ls command with -l option.

[amrood]$ ls -l total 19621   -rwxr-xr-x 1 ranga users 2368 Jul 11 15:57 .profile*  drwxrwxr-x 2 amrood amrood 4096 Dec 25 09:59 uml -rw-rw-r-- 1 amrood amrood 5341 Dec 25 08:38 uml.jpg drwxr-xr-x 2 amrood amrood 4096 Feb 15 2006 univ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Dec 9 2007 urlspedia -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 276480 Dec 9 2007 urlspedia.tar drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Nov 25 2007 usr -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3192 Nov 25 2007 webthumb.php -rw-rw-r-- 1 amrood amrood 20480 Nov 25 2007 webthumb.tar -rw-rw-r-- 1 amrood amrood 5654 Aug 9 2007 yourfile.mid -rw-rw-r-- 1 amrood amrood 166255 Aug 9 2007 yourfile.swf [amrood]$

Here enteries starting with d..... represent directories. For example uml, univ and urlspedia are directories and rest of the enteries are files.


Because the first character is a hyphen (-), you know that this is a regular file. Several characters appear after this hyphen. The first three characters indicate the permissions for the owner of the file, the next three characters indicate the permissions for the group the file is associated with, and the last three characters indicate the permissions for all other users.
EX: Checkout the first example..
The permission block for this file indicates that the user has read, write, and execute permissions, whereas members of the group users and all other users have only read and execute permissions.

After the permissions block, the owner and the group are listed. For this file, the owner is ranga and the group is users.


Here is the information about all the listed columns:

1. First Column: represents file type and permission given on the file. Below is the description of all type of files.  (r)- read ,(w)-write and (x)-execute permission.
2. Second Column: represents the number of memory blocks taken by the file or directory.
3. Third Column: represents owner of the file. This is the Unix user who created this file.
4. Fourth Column: represents group of the owner. Every Unux user would have an associated group.
5. Fifth Column: represents file size in bytes.
6. Sixth Column: represents date and time when this file was created or modified last time.
7. Seventh Column: represents file or directory name.

Permissions	Directories	Group	Size	Date	Directory or file
drwx------	2	users	4096	Nov 2 19:51	mail/
drwxr-s---	35	www	32768	Jan 20 22:39	public_html/
-rw-------	1	users	3	Nov 25 02:58	test.txt

Who is Logged In?

As discussed already that unix is a multiuser environment so if you want to know  who is logged in to the computer at the same time.
There are three commands are available to get you this information, based on how much you'd like to learn about the other users: users, who, and w.

[amrood]$ users amrood bablu qadir [amrood]$ who amrood ttyp0 Oct 8 14:10 (limbo) bablu ttyp2 Oct 4 09:08 (calliope) qadir ttyp4 Oct 8 12:09 (dent) [amrood]$

Try w command on your system to check the output. This would list down few more information associated with the users logged in the system.

 To log out:

1. Just type logout command at command prompt, and the system will clean up everything and break the connection.
   
   
   One most important point about  unix is: Everything in unix is the Files and directories i.e how to create and remove files, copy and rename them, create links to them etc.

Meta Characters:

Meta characters have special meaning in Unix. For example * and ? are metacharacters. We use * to match 0 or more characters, a question mark ? matches with single character.
For Example:

[amrood]$ls ch*.doc

Displays all the files whose name start with ch and ends with .doc:

ch01-1.doc ch010.doc ch02.doc ch03-2.doc ch04-1.doc ch040.doc ch05.doc ch06-2.doc ch01-2.doc ch02-1.doc c

Here * works as meta character which matches with any character. If you want to display all the files ending with just .doc then you can use following command:

[amrood]$ls *.doc 

Creating Files:

You can use vi editor to create ordinary files on any Unix system. You simply need to give following command:

[amrood]$ vi filename

Above command would open a file with the given filename. You would need to press key i to come into edit mode. Once you are in edit mode you can start writing your content in the file as below:

This is unix file....I created it for the first time..... I'm going to save this content in this file.

Once you are done, do the following steps:

• Press key esc to come out of edit mode.
• Press two keys Shift + ZZ together to come out of the file completely.

Now you would have a file created with filemame in the current directory.
[amrood]$ vi filename [amrood]$

Editing Files:

You can edit an existing file using vi editor. We would cover this in detail in a separate tutorial. But in short, you can open existing file as follows:

[amrood]$ vi filename

Once file is opened, you can come in edit mode by pressing key i and then you can edit file as you like. If you want to move here and there inside a file then first you need to come out of edit mode by pressing key esc and then you can use following keys to move inside a file:

• l key to move to the right side.
• h key to move to the left side.
• k key to move up side in the file.
• j key to move down side in the file.

So using above keys you can position your cursor where ever you want to edit. Once you are positioned then you can use i key to come in edit mode. Edit the file, once you are done press esc and finally two keys Shift + ZZ together to come out of the file completely.

Display Content of a File:

You can use cat command to see the content of a file. Following is the simple example to see the content of above created file:

[amrood]$ cat filename
This is unix file....I created it for the first time.....
I'm going to save this content in this file.
[amrood]$

Counting Words in a File:

You can use the wc command to get a count of the total number of lines, words, and characters contained in a file. Following is the simple example to see the information about above created file:
[amrood]$ wc filename 2 19 103 filename [amrood]$

 Here 2-(1st coloumn) represents the total number of lines in the file.

      19-(2nd column) represents the total number of words in the file.

      103(3rd column)- reprents the total number of bytes in the file.And this is actually

                        size of the file.

You can give multiple files at a time to get the information about those file. Here is simple syntax:

[amrood]$ wc filename1 filename2 filename3

Copying Files:

To make a copy of a file use the cp command. The basic syntax of the command is:

[amrood]$ cp source_file destination_file

Renaming Files:

To change the name of a file use the mv command. Its basic syntax is:
[amrood]$ mv old_file new_file

Deleting Files:

To delete an existing file use the rm command. Its basic syntax is:

[amrood]$ rm filename

Caution: It may be dangerous to delete a file because it may contain useful information. So be careful while using this command. It is recommended to use -i option along with rm command.
Following is the example which would completely remove existing file filename:

[amrood]$ rm filename [amrood]$

You can remove multiple files at a tile as follows:

[amrood]$ rm filename1 filename2 filename3
[amrood]$

Here are the list of all the commands that are commonly used  in the unix environment.

go and check it out hope it will helpful to you.

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/unix-useful-commands.htm

Home Directory:

The directory in which you find yourself when you first login is called your home directory.
You can go in your home directory anytime using the following command:

[amrood]$cd ~ [amrood]$

Here ~ indicates home directory. If you want to go in any other user's home directory then use the following command:

[amrood]$cd ~username [amrood]$

To go in your last directory you can use following command:

[amrood]$cd -
[amrood]$

 The directories . (dot) and .. (dot dot)

The filename . (dot) represents the current working directory; and the filename .. (dot dot) represent the directory one level above the current working directory, often referred to as the parent directory.

File Access Modes:

The permissions of a file are the first line of defense in the security of a Unix system. The basic building blocks of Unix permissions are the read, write, and execute permissions, which are described below.  read(r), write(w), and execute(x). Check the command (ls -l ) which explained in the above of this post.

Changing Permissions:(chmod)

To change file or directory permissions, you use the chmod (change mode) command. There are two ways to use chmod: symbolic mode and absolute mode.

Using chmod in Symbolic Mode:

The easiest way for a beginner to modify file or directory permissions is to use the symbolic mode. With symbolic permissions you can add, delete, or specify the permission set you want by using the operators in the following table.

Chmod operator	Description
+	Adds the designated permission(s) to a file or directory.
-	Removes the designated permission(s) from a file or directory.
=	Sets the designated permission(s).

Here's an example using testfile. Running ls -1 on testfile shows that the file's permissions are as follows:

Each permission is assigned a value, as the following table shows, and the total of each set of permissions provides a number for that set.

Number	Octal Permission Representation	Ref
0	No permission	---
1	Execute permission	--x
2	Write permission	-w-
3	Execute and write permission: 1 (execute) + 2 (write) = 3	-wx
4	Read permission	r--
5	Read and execute permission: 4 (read) + 1 (execute) = 5	r-x
6	Read and write permission: 4 (read) + 2 (write) = 6	rw-
7	All permissions: 4 (read) + 2 (write) + 1 (execute) = 7	rwx

Numeric Permissions:CHMOD can also to attributed by using Numeric Permissions:
400 read by owner
040 read by group
004 read by anybody (other)
200 write by owner
020 write by group
002 write by anybody
100 execute by owner
010 execute by group
001 execute by anybody

Examples
The above numeric permissions you can visit the site:

http://www.computerhope.com/unix/uchmod.htm

 

Sending Email:

You use the Unix mail command to send and receive mail. Here is the syntax to send an email:

[amrood]$mail [-s subject] [-c cc-addr] [-b bcc-addr] to-addr

Here are important options related to mail command:

Option	Description
-s	Specify subject on command line.
-c	Send carbon copies to list of users. List should be a comma-separated list of names.
-b	Send blind carbon copies to list. List should be a comma-separated list of names.

Following is the example to send a test message to amrood@gmail.com.

[amrood]$mail -s "Test Message" admin@yahoo.com

You are then expected to type in your message, followed by an "control-D" at the beginning of a line. To stop simply type dot (.) as follows:

Hi, This is a test . Cc:

You can send a complete file using a redirect < operator as follows:

[amrood]$mail -s "Report 05/06/07" admin@yahoo.com < demo.txt

To check incoming email at your Unix system you simply type email as follows:

[amrood]$mail
no email

These are the basics of the unix there are many more topics present in the unix.

Hope you find some basic concepts from my blog-spot. And that's I want from you.

Believe me I too don't know the Unix and i learn some concepts when I make some research

about it. So my suggestion is to you 'stop thinking start learning'. Good luck. 

 

 

 

          

PuTTY: Tool for Remote Shell Access

Putty allows Windows users to connect to remote systems over the Internet via Telnet and SSH.

SSH- Stands for Secure Shell.

Putty is nothing but acts a connection media which is very secure to connect to remote computer.

Technically, Putty should be written as “PuTTY” (it’s a geeky pun).

How do I decide between SSH and Telnet?

Putty lets you make your connection using either SSH protocol or Telnet protocol. From your computer, these connections look identical, but because SSH uses an encrypted connection that is more secure than Telnet, we recommend that you always use an SSH connection when connecting to a computer system that supports SSH.

Where do I get Putty?

You can download it directly from www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty.

  Some homework for you:

 please installed the putty.exe as you installed mane software in you computer.

Thanks for shorten my blog.

Now I have installed the puTTY but how do I access it?

1. Double-click on the Putty icon on your desktop, or go to Start->Programs->Putty.
   
3. If a box appears asking if you want to run putty, select Run.
   
3. When a PuTTY Configuration window opens select Session (it should be selected by default) from the Category panel on the left. In the Host Name (or IP address) field enter the name of the computer you wish to connect to. In the Port field replace 22 (the default) with 31415. Make sure that SSH is selected under Protocol (it should be selected by default). Click on Open.
   
   
3. 1. for example
   
4. Ensure that the SSH button is selected.
   
5. Select the Open button.
   
6. Enter you username and password on the below tow black boxes and ready for the  magic. The PuTTY terminal will now appear. Enter in your BU login name.
   
7. Now, enter you Kerberos password.
    
8. Once you have give the Username and password, you are connected to the Remote computer. For example here: You have now accessed your ACS account using PuTTY.
If you see some sessions already listed in the lower part of the Putty configuration window, then you have a pre-configured version of PUTTY or you have previously saved some sessions. Simply click on one of the acs#.bu.edu sessions to connect to ACS. In the example below, we chose acs4.bu.edu. Then click the Load button.




9. You will see that the host name and protocol have now been filled in for you. Note that the protocol chosen is SSH, which we recommend for any system that supports it. You could make some settings changes in the left panel if you wanted, but for now, just click Open.
10.  


11. If this is the first time you have connected to this host from your computer, you may see a message like the one below. If you are connecting to one of the ACS computers, you can be fairly confident that nothing fishy is going on, so click Yes. If you are connecting to an unknown computer, use your best judgment.
12.  



13. You will now see a prompt that says “Login as”.  Login as you did in steps 6 and 7 above.
14. If your login name and password are correct, you will now be logged in. If you are logging on to ACS, you should now see a message that says “Welcome to the ACS Cluster”. You may be prompted to read messages, and you can answer y for yes, n for no or q to quit.

Now you can go about your business on ACS (or other remote computer). When you are ready to quit, type exit and your session will end.

What if I want to make changes to Putty’s configuration?

Perhaps you don’t like the font size that Putty is using, or some other aspect of its configuration. When you have loaded a session but have not opened it (so you are between Step 2 and Step 3 above), just click on a category on the left side of the screen and make the change on the right side of the screen.
For example, to make a change in the font size you’d go to the left side of the screen and click on Appearance, then click on the Change button on the right and make your font size change.

After you have made your change, click back on Session, at the top of the left panel. You can now click on the Save button if you want to make the change permanent. Then continue to open your session as usual.

Where are the menus?

After you open a Putty terminal session, there are no menus at the top of your screen. To get a menu, right-click (click with your right mouse button) on the session’s title bar, as below. You will get a pop-up menu and can choose the command you want. You’ll see that there is a Change Settings button here, too, so that’s another way to change settings such as font size.

[back to top]

Strange things happen when I right-click – why?

As we saw above, you can right-click on the title bar to get a menu. If you right-click anywhere else in your window, text may appear your screen. That’s because Putty lets you use your left and right mouse buttons as shortcuts for copying and pasting text. If you use your left mouse button to drag over (highlight) any text in your Putty window, that text is automatically copied to the Windows clipboard. Then, the next time you press the right mouse button inside the Putty window, the text is pasted into the window. This shortcut can be quite useful — once you figure out what is going on.

My host supports SSH1 and not SSH2. How do I tell Putty that?

SSH options are found under the Connection-SSH item on the left side of your screen. Click on SSH, then choose protocol version 1 or 2, depending on which your host uses (ACS supports both). You may need to ask your system administrator about the SSH settings your host prefers.

Use PuTTY as an SSH Client on WINDOWS:

User-------> PuTTY.exe-------------->Unix system

PuTTY.exe(Acts as the intermediary and used a secure shell (SSH) to connect to the remote computer  i.e UNIX or LINUX system)

The SSH protocol was developed as a secure, encrypted replacement for the RSH protocol. RSH is used for remote shell access to a UNIX (or UNIX-like) system and was once popular among sysadmins before network security became the constant concern it is now. Now, thanks to SSH, the same convenience can be had with an encrypted protocol famous for its versatility and strong security.  

PuTTY is likely the most used SSH client for the Microsoft Windows platform.

PuTTY’s basic capabilities:

Like OpenSSH, PuTTY is a very versatile tool for remote access to another computer. It’s probably used more often by people who want secure remote shell access to a UNIX or Linux system than for any other purpose, though that is only one of its many uses.

PuTTY is more than just an SSH client. It supports all of the following protocols:

• raw: The raw protocol is normally used for network debugging.
• rlogin: This is an unencrypted UNIX remote login protocol that uses port 513 by default.
• serial: The serial option is used to connect to a serial line. The most common purpose for this is to establish a serial connection between computers in lieu of an Ethernet or other network connection.
• SSH: As already noted, SSH is an encrypted secure remote login protocol, which uses port 22 by default.
• Telnet: Like rlogin, Telnet (telecommunication network) is an unencrypted remote login protocol. It typically uses port 23 and is available on many systems other than UNIX. Like rlogin, Telnet has waned in popularity due to privacy concerns.

In addition to the five protocols supported by PuTTY, it also supports features such as saved session configurations, session logging, locale (language) settings, and proxy sessions.

The importance of SSH on Windows:

SSH via PuTTY offers a quick, easy way to securely access a UNIX shell environment from a Windows system. This is handy not only because of the obvious need some people have for working with both Windows and UNIX/Linux systems, but also for both people who are forced to use Windows and want access to the power of the UNIX shell and people who are forced to use UNIX and want the convenience of their Windows environment while they do it.

 

 

 For more information.

The Putty download site at www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/ includes detailed documentation.